The Internet Essays (508 words) - Digital Technology,

The Internet The Internet The Internet, or ?net, is a tremendous system of PCs that associates huge numbers of the world's organizations, establishments, furthermore, people. The Web is made out of numerous parts, including the World Wide Web, FTP, IRC, Newsgroups, Gopher, WAIS, Archie, furthermore, obviously Electronic Mail (Email). The Internet is mostly utilized for correspondence. Email is the most vigorously utilized asset of the Internet- more than 40 million email messages are sent through the Internet daily. The second most utilized asset, called the World Wide Web, or WWW, comprises of pages of words, pictures, sounds, and video. The Internet is proceeding to develop at 40% per year, with around 20 million clients, primarily in USA, Canada, and Australia, yet numerous everywhere throughout the world. You can do numerous things on the Internet, for example, search for just about anything, bank and oversee cash, watch and tune in to live link televison and radio stations, converse with different clients with voice like a phone, lead global gatherings, what's more, get to a wide range of data regarding any matter possible. As referenced before, the WWW comprises of pages and pages of text, pictures, sounds, and video. In contrast to pages in a book, there is no greatest size for a page, and there is HyperText Connections. On the off chance that you click on any one of these connections, the PC will naturally go to the page determined by the connection. The WWW is modified in a coding called Hyper Text Markup Language, or HTML. Looking through the Web can be a troublesome activity, or in the event that you utilize a web index, it tends to be extremely simple. Since such a large number of new pages are added to the Web a day, a generally excellent list is difficult to keep, and an in sequential order posting of a huge number of web pages would be practically outlandish to explore through. To support this issue, individuals created search motors that scan the Web for you. A few web crawlers, similar to Yahoo, search in a major web index they have made of countless website pages, that is sorted out like a phonebook. Other web crawlers, like Alta Vista, or Magellan, search in a rundown of Web pages it has made as it rode the web all by it's self. Individuals as a rule get to the Internet through a PC utilizing a gadget called a modem. Modems associate individuals to the ?net through phone lines. A few organizations, and the heart of the Internet, Use Fiber-Optic links to associate. Fiber-Optic cabled are made of hair-slight strands of glass that convey data at the speed of light as beats of light. Fiber-Optics are a huge number of times quicker than standard copper phone lines. The Internet started in the 1960's. In 1962, the Advanced Research Tasks Agency (ARPA) of the United States Branch of Defense built up a system of PCs called ARPAnet. From the start, this system just associated military and government PC frameworks. The intention was to make all data safe, so that in a fiasco or war, on the off chance that one PC was devastated, it's data would not be lost. In 1966, the ARPAnet was extended to incorporate colleges and other establishments. One of the main colleges to be included was Utah State College. Before long, enormous organizations and partnerships were included, as well. By 1990, anybody with a PC, a modem, furthermore, Internet programming could interface with the Internet. There are numerous things later on of the ?net, including video conferencing, online computer generated simulation universes, what's more, quicker Internet associations.

Historical Misconceptions About Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy :: American America History

All Presidents have confronted the test of keeping individuals joined in the midst of contention and strife; this explicitly applied to Presidents Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy. They were confronted with fathoming fragile circumstances including isolation and the social equality of American residents in two distinct hundreds of years. While there has been the suffering impression that the two presidents held high beliefs concerning the African American populace, a closer assessment of history could persuade that Lincoln was the bogus more liberated of the oppressed and Kennedy was the bogus nonentity for the Civil Rights development. Abraham Lincoln entered his first term as president following the pioneers Franklin Pierce and James Buchanan. Puncture was known as a blunt pundit of government inclusion in state and region issues (http://www.npr.org). His veto of a bill which would have offered types of assistance and backing for the intellectually debilitated built up the method of reasoning behind government uninvolvement in general medical problems into the twentieth century (http://www.npr.org). This atmosphere of legislative uninvolvement persevered into the term of James Buchanan, a period notable for the Dred Scott choice, which expressed that congress had no protected capacity to deny people of their property rights in slaves in the domains (http://www.whitehouse.gov). Afterward, Buchanan returned to a strategy of latency that proceeded until he left office (http://www.whitehouse.gov). Along these lines, after entering office, Lincoln found the stage set for a tough move with a strongly separated nation an d an administration unused to dynamic authority by a president whose primary motivation was to join the nation, regardless of whether this implied an association in beforehand distant states rights. The issue of subjection was at the focal point of the contentions, and choices in the past two organizations just intensified the troubles experienced in any activities that Lincoln may make. The issue of isolation proceeded even up to one hundred years after the fact when Kennedy became president following Harry S. Truman and Dwight D. Eisenhower. Nonetheless, in contrast to Pierce and Buchanan, the choices and activities of both of these presidents ought to have made any stand that Kennedy would take for the social equality development simpler. After World War Two had finished, Truman proposed twenty-one principle strategy focuses for the advancement of America trying to quiet the turmoil among the American specialists, as this was a period of many work strikes and issues including residents who were unsatisfied with the economy. These twenty-one focuses included advancements, for example, the lowest pay permitted by law, ensured business, clinical protection, lodging help, improving advantages for war veterans, and cost and compensation controls. Chronicled Misconceptions About Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy :: American America History All Presidents have confronted the test of keeping individuals joined in the midst of contention and disturbance; this explicitly applied to Presidents Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy. They were confronted with explaining fragile circumstances including isolation and the social liberties of American residents in two unique hundreds of years. While there has been the suffering impression that the two presidents held high goals with respect to the African American populace, a closer assessment of history could persuade that Lincoln was the bogus more liberated of the oppressed and Kennedy was the bogus nonentity for the Civil Rights development. Abraham Lincoln entered his first term as president following the pioneers Franklin Pierce and James Buchanan. Penetrate was known as a candid pundit of government inclusion in state and district issues (http://www.npr.org). His veto of a bill which would have offered types of assistance and backing for the intellectually impeded set up the justification behind government uninvolvement in general medical problems into the twentieth century (http://www.npr.org). This atmosphere of administrative uninvolvement endured into the term of James Buchanan, a period notable for the Dred Scott choice, which expressed that congress had no protected capacity to deny people of their property rights in slaves in the domains (http://www.whitehouse.gov). Afterward, Buchanan returned to an arrangement of idleness that proceeded until he left office (http://www.whitehouse.gov). In this way, after entering office, Lincoln found the stage set for a tough move with a pointedly partitioned nation and an a dministration unused to dynamic authority by a president whose principle plan was to join the nation, regardless of whether this implied an association in already distant states rights. The issue of subjugation was at the focal point of the contentions, and choices in the past two organizations just exacerbated the challenges experienced in any activities that Lincoln may make. The issue of isolation proceeded even up to one hundred years after the fact when Kennedy became president following Harry S. Truman and Dwight D. Eisenhower. In any case, in contrast to Pierce and Buchanan, the choices and activities of both of these presidents ought to have made any stand that Kennedy would take for the social equality development simpler. After World War Two had finished, Truman proposed twenty-one primary approach focuses for the improvement of America trying to quiet the turmoil among the American specialists, as this was a period of many work strikes and issues including residents who were unsatisfied with the economy. These twenty-one focuses included advancements, for example, the lowest pay permitted by law, ensured business, clinical protection, lodging help, improving advantages for war veterans, and cost and pay controls.

A clockwork orange: Futuristic fantasy Essay

A Clockwork Orange is a book with a good. More than that, it is an admonition: an alert to the 1960s society of which Burgess was a section. His expectations of the world to come are bleeding and his delineations of activist systems and authoritarian states are incredible and significant. Be that as it may, they are not so distant from reality as one would think†¦ Burgess framed his image of Alex’s world on the planet he saw around him during the 1960s. This is generally prominent in the language that is utilized. It is totally brimming with Russian words: â€Å"horrorshow†, â€Å"krovvy†, â€Å"ptitsa†, and â€Å"tolchock†. This is obviously a reference to the Soviet system, which administered over the USSR with an iron clench hand. At the time the Cold War was in full power, hostility was high and Soviet socialism represented a genuine risk toward the western vote based systems. However, it is conceivable that Burgess was delineating the future world just as his own. He is recommending that if his own general public were to carry in transit it was in his time, at that point it might wind up being as severe and abusive as the Soviet system. It is even a likelihood that Burgess accepted that the western nations, including his own nation, the UK, would fall under the standard of socialism and become Soviet states themselves. In the event that this is valid, at that point it recommends to me a deference for the Soviet system, not an abhorrence: he thought about that the Soviets were so solid and sorted out, that western occupation was a genuine chance. Yet, on the off chance that this occurred, Burgess trusted it would be the apocalypse. All through the novel he makes unpretentious references to specific things he accepted would not last under state control: workmanship and writing. Alex himself says that â€Å"newspapers [were] not being perused much†. Later he portrays the â€Å"Public Biblio†, or library, â€Å"which very few lewdies utilized those days†. The young men wear covers later in the main part, and these are likewise noteworthy. â€Å"Peebee† Shelley is viewed as a curiosity now; a deep rooted writer from years back, long dead and since quite a while ago overlooked. Indeed, even Elvis Presley is incorporated with Shelley and Henry VIII, recommending that he also is just a remainder of an old society. This had considerably more criticalness in the time Burgess composed the novel, since Elvis was alive and celebrated and particularly a piece of current mainstream society. To Alex he is a name that amounts to nothing. Indeed, even the leftover structures of Oldtown are peculiar to him. They are from when individuals had a decision. The fall of writing and workmanship is interchangeable with the annulment of opportunity. Writing, workmanship and engineering are types of articulation †and in Alex’s world they don't exist, just in transitory references and oddity covers. There is the boys’ appearance: the purported â€Å"heighth of fashion† for their day. In numerous regards it is like design of the 1960s. The silly styles, demonstrated by the â€Å"old jam mould†¦ fitting on the groin under the tights†, amusingly molded into blossoms, creepy crawlies and a â€Å"clown’s litso†. What's more, there are likewise the splendid hues †â€Å"purple and green and orange wigs on their gullivers†. Or maybe curiously the young men additionally wear make-up. There are two potential clarifications for this. The first is the most self-evident: the young men need to appear as something else. They are hitting out against sorted out state-control. The subsequent explanation is significantly more unpretentious: at the time Burgess composed the novel, a sexual upheaval was occurring; specifically, ladies were all the more allowed to take on the customarily manly practices, for example, seeking after a profession. Unmistakably, the young men are doing likewise: receiving a generally female practice. It may be the case that Burgess is offering a social expression: he predicts that later on, the limits figuring out which sexual orientation takes on which job will be less positive. However it is still just a recommendation; Burgess’s old-style demeanor towards the genders is genuinely clear in the book, since each significant character is male. It is an abnormal blend of past and â€Å"future†. Be that as it may, despite the fact that the young men need to stick out and not accommodate, they are amusingly acclimating inside their own gathering. The abnormal garments and make-up are segments of their uniform, which exist for the most part to control individuals in an aggressor design. They are battling fire with fire. What's more, in the event that the make-up is an equity articulation, at that point it is amusing too. The young men would prefer not to be equivalent to every other person †they like to appear as something else. Also, they don't need equivalent rights †they accept that they have, or ought to have, more rights, and can along these lines challenge the law through demonstrations of brutality. The message that Burgess is putting across here is vague. Possibly he could be stating that an excess of state control will in the end power a rough upheaval, and in this manner the legislature ought to unwind, which is likely the most widely recognized conviction. Or on the other hand his admonition could be the inverse: he is stating that on the off chance that the administration yield and award additional rights to everyone, at that point later on there will be somebody, some place, who has, or needs, more rights. I want to accept the last hypothesis. Burgess was not for vicious upset of any sort. A Clockwork Orange is a startling forecast of the world to come in the event that it keeps on conceding individuals so much force, and not an admonition of how the world will be if state control proceeded. In the long run the entirety of this opportunity would require state control, as it exists in Alex’s time. Burgess was for a specific level of control †the utilization of Russian words in his novel, as clarified above, is proof for this. Albeit hardly any individuals would concur with me, that is the thing that I accept. Burgess’s tale was in fact composed as a notice to those in his time. Be that as it may, notwithstanding the alarming delineation of state control, I don't think Burgess was so contradicted to it as certain individuals guarantee. I would just say that the authoritarian system of Alex’s time is a case of an outrageous type of state control that is surely off-base, however simply because of its seriousness. Burgess’s cautioning was not focused on the administration; it was focused on the individuals who longed for unrest. Just a single thing is sure: the meanings are clear, and A Clockwork Orange is certainly not only a dream novel.

Gender Inequality Is A Prominent Issue Globally - 1864 Words

Abigail Yeo Zhi Yi 311 Gender inequality is a prominent issue globally. Gender inequality is defined as unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender. Around the world, women are not treated as equally as men. In 2015, only 50% of the world’s working-age women were in the labor force, compared to 77% of working-age men. In this essay, I will be focusing on gender inequality in China and Japan and the causes and effects of gender inequality in both countries, as well as whether gender inequality will be reduced with education. Francis Bacon once said, â€Å"Knowledge is power.† Education is important in reducing gender inequality for a few main reasons. Firstly, education can empower women. Education, be it vocational or academic, will give women the ability and skill to work and be useful in society. If a woman is given vocational education, she will have skills that she can put to use in a job and will be able to earn money. If a woman is given academic education, she will have greater knowledge and even be able to take up higher-ranking jobs. Secondly, education can change the mindsets of people about gender inequality. This applies not only for women, but for men too. Education could help people to realise that women should have the same rights as men and that gender inequality is wrong. People who receive education could spread awareness about the importance of education for women and fight for women’s rights, narrowing the gender gap. Thirdly,Show MoreRelatedThe Discrimination And Unequ al Treatment Of Individuals Based Solely On Their Gender1729 Words   |  7 PagesA very prominent social justice issue, gender inequality, is the discrimination and unequal treatment of individuals based solely on their gender. 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The practice of marrying minors can be found globally, however it is found to be most concentrated in the poor rural and provincial areas of Africa, the Middle East, and LatinRead MoreAnalysis Of Harper Lees To Kill A Mockingbird1210 Words   |  5 Pagessexual orientations, gender constructs and feminism. Society had certain constructs that had to be met. Throughout To Kill A Mockingbird, Lee breaks the bounds to overcome barriers, and challenge social constructs. This feature article delves into how two different generations, can be affected by the same one issue; two birds, one stone, the 1960s and today’s contemporary society, pained by prejudice. This article focuses on the historical context of the 1960s abd tge social issues of that time. TheRead MorePakist Child Health And Mortality1658 Words   |  7 Pagesinto four provinces: Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (â€Å"About Pakistan†). Its capital is the city of Islamabad. 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Since the early 1980’s palm oil has more than tripled globally primarily in Indonesia. â€Å"Most of this expansion has occurred in Indonesia, where the total land area of oil palm plantations increased by over 2100 per cent (more than 22 times greater) over the same period, growingRead MoreFacilities And Lack Of Security For Homeless1457 Words   |  6 Pagesfacilities and lack of security for homeless are prevalent in rural areas of Bangladesh. (Bangladesh National Policy Framework for Women’s Empowerment and Gender Equality, 2000). Empowerment will expand women’s human and social capabilities, their assets and authority over the assets. According to World Bank (2002) empowerment is the expansion of assets and capabilities of poor people to participate in. negotiate with, influence, control and hold accountable institutions that affect lives. The capabilitiesRead MoreSocial Education And The Competent Social Work Practitioner955 Words   |  4 Pagesneeds to focus on teaching global issues and applying the structural and anti-oppressive principles of practice (Razack Badwell, 2006). According to Mohan (2005) stated by Razack Badwell (2006) that the social work profession seems to be silent to teach students to achieve adequate skills to think and act globally. This essay will be divided into five sections. The first section will briefly describe the topic. The second section will discuss the global issues in social work education. The thirdRead MoreCapitalism And Feminism : A Form Of An Economic And Social Organisation1933 Words   |  8 Pagesmovements and ideologies that share a common goal to create change by establishing the equality of genders to ensure that women are treated fairly in the social, political and economical environments. The purpose of this essay is to establish the problems and potentials that ar ise from Capitalism and Feminism that have emerged as a result of globalisation and how feminism is helping to overcome issues of inequality that have emerged in the everyday living of women in Bangladesh. Bangladesh is a country locatedRead MoreAre We Finally Equal? Or Is It Merely An Illusion?2506 Words   |  11 Pages The dream of equality has been something that people have chased for years. And to some people we may have finally reached this seemingly impossible dream when it comes to gender inequality in the workplace and on the playing field. The world today can at times give the impression of not having any major problem with gender equality when work and sports are involved. This view is usually shattered when something like the women’s soccer scandal will rear its ugly head; forcing people to see pastRead MoreSex Trafficking : A Unique Sector Of Slavery1201 Words   |  5 Pagesbrothels, strip clubs, and online services. This horrible occurrence happens secretly in practically any corner across the globe. Although it causes immense physical harm to its victims, the physiological and emotional damage remains severe and prominent. Victims from Asia are sent to the widest range of locations, but not all cases involve extensive transportation. One key contributor to sexual exploitation is Russia, and a variety of factors contribute to this prevalence. Russia’s colossal geographical

How to Look at a Rock Like a Geologist

Man Is an Architect of His Own Fate - 1808 Words

There is a class of men who think that everything is pre-determined in life and, however much you may try, you cannot get out of that groove. So even your best efforts cannot yield more gains than those God has already settled for you, for fate rules supreme. Even great Shakespeare had said – there is a divinity that shapes our will. Man cannot change this fortune. What is lotted cannot be blotted or avoided. But there is another school of opinion, that is more reasonable in this age of science, that a man has powers and parts to build his own career. The efforts of a resolute and steadfast worker are sure to be crowned will success in the long run. If the students who get plucked once discontinues his effort with the belief that it is his†¦show more content†¦The unfortunate voters who have not much discriminating power as victimized by the chain of modern civilizing process become subjected to the plundering process of the political heads in the matter of their hearth and home. These unfortunate people being too much harrassed by governmental taxes and famine, are forced to accept cotton and potato or other leaves as foodstuff. They become forced to accept meat and flesh instead of grains and vegetables and they are obliged to assimilate hydrogenated injurious oil in place milk and ghee. By such eating process they are attacked with cholera, typhoid, dysentry and tuberculosis to meet an end of miserable life. They are subjected to the pangs of winter and summer, rains and sun besides hunger, thirst, disappointment, frustration. Thus they have to make a sad end of life by over anxiety due to all round scarcity. That is the sum and substance of the advancement of material civilization. Undoubtedly we have produced by dint of advancement of having the motors, the radios, the cinemas, the railways, the airways, the (? ), the medicines, the toilets, the big buildings, the big mills, agricultural implements, big offices, (?), hodgepodge philosophers, industrialists, poets, scientists, politicians, iron men, statesmen and what not but the net result is no food, no clothing, no shelter, no peace. Will any thinking and sober man with any sense of humanShow MoreRelatedCharacter Is Fate1490 Words   |  6 PagesCharacter is Fate – Essay â€Å"A man’s character is his fate† once said the Greek philosopher Heraclites. By this he meant that our personalities and actions shape the outcomes of our lives and therefore our destiny. This statement opposes the traditional view that man’s fate is determined by an external force (name it god or even chance). This argument is basically one of faith: do you believe we shape our own futures by how we act, or are our lives programmed in a certain unchangeable way? In otherRead More 12 Angry Men Essays1459 Words   |  6 Pagesmovie by far is the Architect in the White Suit. Right off from the beginning at the original vote the Architect stated clearly his position in the matter. Against the rest of the group he strongly held his ground and fought for what he believed. Most people in his position would have changed their opinion immediately after realizing that he was completely outnumbered. However he continued to argue his points and reiterate the reasons w hy â€Å"evidence† needed to be questioned. His mind was simply brilliantRead MoreLiterary Analysis Essay811 Words   |  4 Pageshappily ever after. In fact, all protagonists’ fate is decided by the narrator’s hand. Just like the literary works we have recently read, including the poems â€Å"Sunday Greens† by Rita Dove, â€Å"Sinful City† by Jaroslav Seifert and the excerpt from Like Water for Chocolate from Laura Esquivel, the characters’ fate was sealed from that moment. Therefore, the most relevant theme through three works is that fate is for those too weak to determine their own destiny. We are fated, since everything has alreadyRead MoreShakespeares King Lear and Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman1063 Words   |  4 PagesA German Proverb once stated that, â€Å"Every man is the architect of his own fortune.† In expressing his opinion that people have more control over their fate than their fate does over them, this proverb was mistaken. Contrary to what the Proverb espoused, the cruelty of the world and the harsh reality of blind fortune have much more to do with what happens to a person than what actions they take, and good actions cannot guarantee good fortune. The inaccuracy of this quote can be proven in looking atRead MoreEssay about Influencing an Entire Crowd in 12 Angry Men1021 Words   |  5 Pagesthe twelve jurors. This is an example of small group communications. The juror that was the Architect in the suit was probably the strongest leader in the group. (12 angry men, 1957). Before the twelve jurors started to deliberate they were all very nice to each other. Then when they started to talk about the trial they all where ready to convict the boy. From the beginning the Architect was not convinced that the boy was guilty. When a group has trouble communicating they sometimes willRead MoreExistentialism And Akhilleus : State Of Affairs1182 Words   |  5 Pagesstrength and agility that surpasses all humans. His mother is a sea goddess named Thetis. When he was an infant she dipped him in the river Styx, which separates the underworld from the Earth. Akhilleus receives enhanced capabilities from the river that include agility, strength, and keenness. When Thetis dipped him in the river she held him by his foot and dipped his whole body in, excluding his foot. Not dipping his foot ultimately ends up being his weakness and demise. In Gre ek mythology, humansRead MoreThe Topic Of Fate Of Ancient Greece During The Golden Age1136 Words   |  5 PagesThe Topic of Fate in Ancient Greece During the Golden Age The Golden Age of Athens started with the final defeat of Persia in 479 B.C. and the formation of the Delian League in 478 B.C. With the defeat of Persia came a period of prosperity for Athens, a time of great political advancements and many reforms to daily life. Around 461 B.C., a former general named Perikles became the dominant politician of Athens. During his reign (461-429 B.C.) he made Athens a strong and imperialistic city-stateRead MoreEssay about Oedipus the King1183 Words   |  5 PagesOedipus the King Oedipus the King is the perfect example of a tragedy. It contains a complete combination of all the features of a tragedy. Aristotle in his Poetics[1] defines Oedipus as being a definite example of the form and purpose of tragedy. In tragedies the Greeks dramatized climactic events in the lives of heroes, and Oedipus story is no exception. By using many different literary devices it brings moral dilemmas of action and motive to the public stage. The action is set outRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth 1242 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakespeare expanded them to include the themes, motifs and gothic elements relevant during his time. Shakespeare wrote these plays for more than entertaining; he attempted to transcend universal themes and messages that still resonate with audiences today. One of these plays was Macbeth, a tragedy that voices the ambition of a young, kind and righteous man and how it ultimately leads to his downfall and destruction. Shakespeare incorporates into this tragedy a couple of gothic elements thatRead MoreOedipus the King an Aristotle’s Tragedy Essay633 Words   |  3 PagesOedipus The King The Greek drama Oedipus is clearly a Aristotle’s tragedy. It definitely meets the five main criteria for a tragedy: a tragic hero of noble birth, a tragic flaw, a hero‘s downfall, a moment of remorse, and a catharsis. Aristotle in his Poetics defines Oedipus as being a definite example of the form and purpose of Aristotelian tragedy. In tragedies the Greeks dramatized climactic events in the lives of heroes, and Oedipus story is no different. By using many different literary devices

Following Laws versus Rules Interpret Ethical Issues with Subprime Lo

Question: Describe about the Following Laws versus Rules for Interpret Ethical Issues with Subprime Loans? Answer: Interpret Ethical Issues with Subprime Loans Summary of the concept of subprime loans and the risk of subprime loans to the lenders and borrowers:- The subprime loan is a type of very low or no down payment loan which has an option of second loans that act as the down payment for the first loan and eliminate the necessity of cash down payment of monthly premium for PMI (Private Mortgage Insurance).The households or peoples with less than moderate incomes, having imperfect credit records and very limited wealth to access the housing loans to refinance the existing home or buy a new one are the greatly benefitted from this Private Mortgage Insurance or PMI Scheme(OCC, 1999). This type of loan results in a boom in the housing sector as this includes the opportunity to access easily the loans, which leads to a decrease in the interest rate and a rise in the income. According to the marketing data, there was a spread of this housing bubble outside the housing sector, which caused a slowdown in the economic progress. The economy is still suffering from this recession due to the high unemployment rate and weak economic recovery (Utt, 2 008). Having a poor past credit history, serious credit problem, income of the state, high doubt to income ratio, the subprime loan borrowers are considered as a person and it is not possible for him to documented all the underwriting information in the applications and always go for the high LTV or, loan to value mortgage. Because of the high-interest rate, there is a risk to the borrowers for defaulting during the ongoing situation. Foreclosure on their home is considered as the second risk. It was found that the price of the house owned by an individual or a borrower is lower than the down payments of his/her borrowings. Therefore, they keep the distance from that houses, which they cannot purchased and let the lender foreclosures on the assets. Having the higher delinquency rates compared to the standard prime mortgage is considered as having risks of sub-prime loans to the lenders (OCC bulletin 99-10 (1999), 1999). The lenders also have the higher loss rate risks besides, the higher d elinquency rates. As the lenders cannot manage the loss, they may leave the business because of the combined effects of high delinquency rates and loss rates (Ethical Issues with Subprime Loans, 2014). The role of leadership decision-making in the subprime loan during the financial crisis:- On subprime loans, the majority of the home mortgage loan defaults is dependent with a high-interest rate loan to the buyers of home and this type of risk is higher than the average credit risk. To extend the number of home ownership for the Americans, the federal government had encouraged the bank to make sub-prime loans. The banks are the biggest indirect investors in the subprime loans. The money that had been lent by the banks from the investment companies is used to purchase a large number of Mortgages from the mortgage lenders (Turano, 2006). It becomes difficult for many investment funds to repay the loans that he had taken out from the banks. Hence, a declaration about the uncoverable loans should be made by the banks. However, this process will lead to a declining in reserves and generate the new loans. As both the businesses and consumers depend on the loans to finance the investment expenditures, the introduction of subprime loans will threaten the economy. Because of this poorly structured subprime-lending program, there are major losses and other problematic issues faced by most of the institutions of U.S.A. The higher default race and the loss-on default rates involving with the subprime lending and high overhead costs are underestimated by the institutions which frequently lacked the business planning process, management expertise and risk management processes which are very necessary to eliminate the risks associated with the subprime loans in a safe and sound manner. Hence, in financial institutions, leadership play a very critical role, as their decision-making will affect the other institutions or other individuals. A leader of the financial institution must have the quality of integrity, accountability and the responsibility (Thiel, 2012). If a leader ignores these duties, then there will arise a big problem for the institution. This similar case happened in the case of the sub-prime loan. Despite the ethics in leadership is to focus on moving forward, the financial and corporate misconduct amidst in the subprime lending that have left few wonderings ('The Ethical Challenges of Subprime Loans', 2015). With the notion of social responsibility evaluating the effect of subprime loans:- In 1995, the total subprime loans were only $18.5 billion whereas after ten years in 2005 it was increased to 507.9 billion. Hence, between the decades of 1995-2005 the economy faced a huge increase of subprime loans i.e. 489.4 billion U.S. dollar. However, there was a burst of the housing bubble in the housing market since the year 2005, which resulted in an increase in the interest rate. Hence, there were foreclosures of purchased houses through the rising sub-prime loans, which indicated that there would be the continuous rise in foreclosure. This led to damage in the housing market, which has a spill over affect the overall economy and results in recession in the economy (Bryson, Bryson, Bryson, Bryson profile, 2015). To promote the home ownership, there are some goals of American policies. The U.S. government has set up different financial institutions to make the purchasing process of home easier, quick and also convenient to provide the home to every citizen. This is a kind of social responsibility of U.S. government on the low-income group families and the minority group of the society. To protect this social responsibility, in 1938, the Federal Nation Mortgage Association, FNMA, or Fannie Mae was set up by the U.S. government with the primary goal to provide a secondary market for home mortgages. That is if there is a need for funds after granting the mortgage to the borrowers, the mortgage can be easily sold by the banks to the borrowers and later if there will a need for funds for the banks, the mortgage can be easily sold to the FNMA by the banks. The lending institutions that have the access to the secondary mortgage market of FNMA had to abide by the rules of FNMA. The U.S. government fo cused on creating another institution to compete with FNMA in the secondary mortgage market, after its privatisation. The Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation or FHLMC or Freddie Mae was created by U.S. government in 1970 to expand the secondary mortgage market (Hagerty, 2008). The consumers or the borrowers cannot get direct loans from both the institutions FNMA and FHLMC. The main aim of these two institutions is to increase the number of low-income families and the number of a minority to own their home (Myassignmenthelp.com, 2015). Since the time to assure that this will not happen again, what measure should be taken? During the period of 2007-2008, when the U.S. economy faced a financial crisis, an overall measure was taken by the government to tackle the problem, as it was known to the problem that what was the problem and how to prevent it that it will not happen again. In the year 2007, there was a threat for the mortgage lenders as well as for the all financial institutions due to the highest defaults on the home mortgage loan. Several steps was taken by the government to provide the limited relief to eliminate foreclosures regarding the problems of sub-prime loans and to adjust and refinance the payments to stay current on their payments and to keep their homes the government will allow those steps with great credit opportunities. To strengthen the lending rules to prevent loans to being issued by people who are unable to pay the monthly payments and to offset the incentives generated by the mortgage-backed securities. To help the homeowners who are not able to repay some mortgage loans different legislations have been passed by U.S. government. In 2010, U.S. Congress has passed and signed the Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act to send a new message to the executives of large financial corporation, the bondholders and the stake holders that if they allow their corporation again into the serious financial trouble, they will suffer from the extremely high and unavoidable financial losses (Board o f Governors, 2012). References Bryson, D., Bryson, D., Bryson, D., Bryson, D., profile, V. (2015).Following Laws versus Rules: Interpret Ethical Issues with Subprime Loans.Followingrulesvslaws-suprimemortgage.blogspot.in. Retrieved 2 August 2015, from https://followingrulesvslaws-suprimemortgage.blogspot.in/ Ethical Issues with Subprime Loans,. (2014).Ethical Issues with Subprime Loans. Retrieved 2 August 2015, from https://savdrew.wordpress.com/ Hagerty, J.R., H. (2008). Hagerty, J.R. (2008). Fannie, Freddie Mae shares suffer hit as mortgage default fear mount. The Wall Street Journal, March 11, 2008. Myassignmenthelp.com,. (2015).ethical issues and obligations,develop a blog aimed at allowing participants to. Retrieved 2 August 2015, from https://myassignmenthelp.com/answers/humanities/ethical-issues-and-obligations-develop-a-blog-aimed-at-allowing-participants-to-interpret-ethical-issues-surrounding-subprime-loans-be-sure-.html OCC bulletin 99-10 (1999), O. (1999). OCC bulletin 99-10 (1999). Interagency Guidance on Subprime Lending. The Ethical Challenges of Subprime Loans. (2015). 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Retrieved from https://www.heritage.org/research/report/2008/04/the subprime mortgage market.